• Research Interests
• Brief Biography
• Teaching and Learning
• Publications
• Studentships
• Research Income
• Patents
• Conference Presentations
• Media Interest

Research Interests

• Environmental organic chemistry
• Structure, function and biosynthesis of natural products from marine organisms
• Pharmacological properties of marine natural products
• Organic photochemistry
• Context-based teaching in chemistry

Brief Biography

I am currently a Professor of Chemistry in the Centre for Chemical Sciences, School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences at the University of Plymouth. I obtained my BSc in Chemistry from the University of York, U.K. in 1985 and my DPhil from the same university in 1988 (Professor Robin Perutz) receiving the Kathleen Mary Stott award. Following post-doctoral terms as an SERC/NATO Fellow at the Universities of California, U.S.A. and Ottawa, Canada, I returned to the U.K. in September 1993 and took up the position of Lecturer in Environmental Chemistry at the University of Plymouth. I was appointed to Senior Lecturer in September 1997, to Principal Lecturer in September 1999 and to Professor in September 2005.

My research interests focus on applications of environmental organic chemistry and chemical education. For the former, I am currently using a multi-proxy approach to reconstruct polar sea ice records for the Holocene period. This work is funded by the NERC in the UK, and I am also a member of the ArcticNet and CFL projects which are based in Canada. In 1996, I was a recipient of a RSC JWT Jones Travelling Fellowship to Ottawa, Canada and, in 2001, I received a further fellowship to visit the University of Nantes, France. In 2003, I received the Higher Education Teaching Award from the Royal Society of Chemistry and was given the Chemical Synthesis Services award for teaching in 2005. In 2007, I was awarded a BA Media Fellowship, spending time with BBC Horizon and the Royal Society and writing articles ("Nano Stores the Planet", "Public Perspectives on Research" and "Watery Secrets") at the BA Festival of Science meeting at the University of York. I was awarded a National Teaching Fellowship by the Higher Education Academy in 2010.

I have received grants from The Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), The Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC), The Royal Society, The European Social Fund, The Higher Education Academy, The British Council, The LGC, HEFCE, SERC, The Seale Hayne Educational Trust and The University of Plymouth.

I am a Fellow of the Royal Society of Chemistry and of the Higher Education Academy, and a member of the NERC Peer Review College (2008-2011), the Royal Society of Chemistry Tertiary Education Group Committee and the Advisory Group for the HEA Physical Sciences Subject Centre.

Teaching and Learning

I use a Context/Problem Based Learning (C/PBL) approach to my teaching which covers mainly organic chemistry, NMR spectroscopy and laboratory work. I have received awards from various funding bodies (HEA, RSC, Royal Society) to develop these areas further and, in collaboration with Professor Tina Overton (Director of the HEA Physical Sciences Subject Centre), I have written a series of context-based case studies for analytical and core chemistry. I have also co-written mathematics packages for chemists with Dr Robin Horan and Dr Martin Lavelle (School of Maths and Statistics, University of Plymouth) and I have developed PBL laboratory work for undergraduates and for schools. I am currently working on a project funded under the Chemistry For Our Future program (RSC/HEFCE) investigating the effectiveness of C/PBL in undergraduate chemistry courses.

Recent Publications

My refereed publications since 2000 are listed below (reverse chronological) and my 'My Citations' page from Google Scholar provides additional bibliographic metrics. See also my ORCID number

In Press, Submitted or In Preparation

• Amiraux, R., Belt S.T., Brown, T.A., Vaultier, F., Galindo, V., Mundy, C.J., Gosselin, M. and Rontani. J.-F. Monitoring photooxidative and osmotic bacterial stress in the Canadian Arctic using specific lipid tracers. Marine Chemistry. (Submitted).
• Berben, S.M.P., Husum, K., Navarro-Rodriguez, A., Belt S.T. and Aagaard-Sørensen, S. Atlantic water inflow and sea ice distribution in the northern Barents Sea: A Holocene palaeoceanographic evolution. Journal of Quaternary Science. (Submitted).
• Darby, D., Andrews, J.T., Jennings, A.E., Belt S.T. and Cabedo-Sanz, P. Holocene cyclic records of ice-rafted debris and sea ice variations on the East Greenland and NW Iceland margins. Arctic, Antarctic and Alpine Research. (Submitted).
• Rowland, S.J., Sutton, P.A., Belt, S.T., Fitzsimmons-Thoss, V. and Scarlet, A.G. Further spectral and chromatographic studies of ambergris. Natural Product Research. (Submitted) . [doi: 10.1080/14786419.2018.1428599].

2018

• Belt S.T., Brown T.A., Smik L., Assmy, P. and Mundy, C.J. (2018) Sterol identification in floating Arctic sea ice algal aggregates and the Antarctic sea ice diatom Berkeleya adeliensis. Organic Geochemistry 118, 1-3. [doi: 10.1016/j.orggeochem.2018.01.008].

2017

• Belt S.T., Brown T.A., Smik L., Tatarek A., Wiktor J., Stowasser G., Assmy P., Allen C. and Husum K. (2017) Identification of C₂₅ highly branched isoprenoid (HBI) alkenes in diatoms of the genus Rhizosolenia in polar and sub-polar marine phytoplankton. Organic Geochemistry 110, 65-72. [doi: 10.1016/j.orggeochem.2017.05.007].
• Brown, T.A. and Belt, S.T. (2017) Biomarker-based H-Print quantifies the composition of mixed sympagic and pelagic algae consumed by Artemia sp. Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 488, 32-37. [doi: 10.1016/j.jembe.2016.12.007].
• Brown T.A., Assmy P., Hop H., Wold A. and Belt S.T. (2017) Transfer of ice algae carbon to ice-associated amphipods in the high-Arctic pack ice environment. Journal of Plankton Research 39, 664-674. [doi: 10.1093/plankt/fbx030].
• Brown, T.A., Chrystal, E., Ferguson, S.H., Yurkowski, D.J., Watt. C., Hussey, N.E., Kelley, T.C. and Belt, S.T. (2017) Coupled changes between the H-Print biomarker and δ¹⁵N indicates a variable sea ice carbon contribution to the diet of Cumberland Sound beluga whales. Limnology and Oceanography 62, 1606-1619. [doi: 10.1002/lno.10520].
• Jennings, A.E., Andrews, J.T., Ó Cofaigh, C., St. Onge, G., Sheldon, C., Belt S.T., Cabedo-Sanz, P. and Hillaire-Marcel, C. (2017) Ocean forcing of Ice Sheet retreat in central west Greenland from LGM to the early Holocene. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 472, 1-13. [doi: 10.1016/j.epsl.2017.05.007].
• Knies, J., Pathirana, I., Cabedo-Sanz, P., Banica, A., Fabian, K., Rasmussen, T.L., Forwick, M. and Belt, S.T. (2017) Sea-ice dynamics in an Arctic coastal polynya during the past 6500 years. Arktos 3:1, 1-15. [doi: 10.1007/s41063-016-0027-y].
• Rontani, J.-F., Galeron, M.-A., Amiraux, R., Artigue, L. and Belt S.T. (2017) Use of di- and triterpenoid lipid tracers confirms the significant role played by autoxidation in the degradation of terrestrial vascular plant material in the Canadian Arctic. Organic Geochemistry 108, 43-50. [doi: 10.1016/j.orggeochem.2017.03.011].
• Smik, L. and Belt S.T. (2017) Distributions of the Arctic sea ice biomarker proxy IP₂₅ and two phytoplanktonic biomarkers in surface sediments from West Svalbard. Organic Geochemistry 105, 39-41. [doi: 10.1016/j.orggeochem.2017.01.005].

2016

• Belt, S.T., Smik, L., Brown, T.A., Kim, J.-H., Rowland, S.J., Allen, C.S., Gal, J.-K., Shin, K.-H., Lee, J.I. and Taylor, K.W.R. (2016) Source identification and distribution reveals the potential of the geochemical Antarctic sea ice proxy IPSO₂₅. Nature Communications 7:12655. [doi: 10.1038/ncomms12655].
• Brown, T.A. and Belt, S.T. (2016) Novel tri- and tetra-unsaturated highly branched isoprenoid (HBI) alkenes from the marine diatom Pleurosigma intermedium. Organic Geochemistry 91, 120-122. [doi: 10.1016/j.orggeochem.2015.11.008].
• Brown, T.A., Belt, S.T., Gosselin,, M. Levasseur, M., Poulin, M., and Mundy,C.J. (2016) Quantitative estimates of sinking sea ice particulate organic carbon based on the biomarker IP₂₅. Marine Ecology Progress Series 546, 17-29. [doi: 10.3354/meps11668].
• Cabedo-Sanz, P. and Belt, S.T. (2016) Seasonal sea ice variability in eastern Fram Strait over the last 2000 years. Arktos 2:22, 1-12. [doi: 10.1007/s41063-016-0023-2].
• Cabedo-Sanz, P., Belt, S.T., Jennings, A.E., Andrews, J.T. and Geirsdóttir, Á. (2016) Variability in drift ice export from the Arctic Ocean to the North Icelandic Shelf over the last 8,000 years: a multi-proxy evaluation. Quaternary Science Reviews 146, 99–115. [doi: 10.1016/j.quascirev.2016.06.012].
• Cabedo-Sanz, P., Smik, L. and Belt, S.T. (2016) On the stability of various highly branched isoprenoid (HBI) lipids in stored sediments and sediment extracts. Organic Geochemistry 97, 74-77. [doi: 10.1016/j.orggeochem.2016.04.010].
• Kaiser, J., Belt, S.T., Tomczak, M., Brown, T.A., Wasmund, N. and Arz, H.W. (2016) C₂₅ highly branched isoprenoid alkenes in the Baltic Sea produced by the marine planktonic diatom Pseudosolenia calcar-avis. Organic Geochemistry 93, 120-122. [doi: 10.1016/j.orggeochem.2016.01.002].
• Polyak, L., Belt, S.T., Cabedo-Sanz, P., Yamamoto, M. and Park, Y.-H. (2016) Holocene sea-ice conditions and circulation at the Chukchi-Alaskan margin, Arctic Ocean, inferred from biomarker proxies. The Holocene 26, 1810-1821. [doi: 10.1177/0959683616645939].
• Rontani, J.-F., Belt, S.T., Brown, T.A., Amiraux, R., Gosselin, M., Vaultier, F. and Mundy, C.J. (2016) Monitoring abiotic degradation in sinking versus suspended Arctic sea ice algae during a spring ice melt using specific lipid oxidation tracers. Organic Geochemistry 98, 82-97. [doi: 10.1016/j.orggeochem.2016.05.016].
• Smik, L., Belt, S.T., Lieser, J., Armand, L.K. and Leventer, A. (2016) Distributions of highly branched isoprenoid alkenes and other algal lipids in surface waters from East Antarctica: Further insights for biomarker-based paleo sea-ice reconstruction. Organic Geochemistry 95, 71-80. [doi: 10.1016/j.orggeochem.2016.02.011].
• Smik, L., Cabedo-Sanz, P., Belt, S.T. (2016) Semi-quantitative estimates of paleo Arctic sea ice concentration based on source-specific highly branched isoprenoid alkenes: A further development of the PIP₂₅ index. Organic Geochemistry 92, 63-69. [doi: 10.1016/j.orggeochem.2015.12.007].

2015

• Belt, S.T. and Cabedo-Sanz, P. (2015) Characterisation and isomerisation of mono- and di-unsaturated highly branched isoprenoid (HBI) alkenes: Considerations for palaeoenvironment studies. Organic Geochemistry 87, 55-67. [doi: 10.1016/j.orggeochem.2015.07.003].
• Belt, S.T., Cabedo-Sanz, P., Smik, L., Navarro-Rodriguez, A., Berben, S.M. P., Knies, J. and Husum, K. (2015) Identification of paleo Arctic winter sea ice limits and the marginal ice zone: Optimised biomarker-based reconstructions of late Quaternary Arctic sea ice. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 431, 127-139. [doi: 10.1016/j.epsl.2015.09.020].
• Brown, T.A., Hegseth, E.N. and Belt, S.T. (2015) A biomarker-based investigation of the mid-winter ecosystem in Rijpfjorden, Svalbard. Polar Biology 38, 37-50. [doi: 10.1007/s00300-013-1352-2].
• Cabedo-Sanz, P. and Belt, S.T. (2015) Identification and characterisation of a novel mono-unsaturated highly branched isoprenoid (HBI) alkene in ancient Arctic sediments. Organic Geochemistry 81, 34-39. [doi: 10.1016/j.orggeochem.2015.01.009].
• Rontani, J.F., Aubert, C. and Belt, S.T. (2015) EIMS fragmentation pathways and MRM quantification of 7α/β-hydroxy-dehydroabietic acid TMS derivatives. Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry 26, 1606-1616. [doi: 10.1007/s13361-015-1157-3].

2014

• Belt, S.T., Brown, T.A., Ampel, L., Cabedo-Sanz. P., Fahl, K., Kocis, J.J., Massé, G., Navarro-Rodriguez, A., Ruan, J. and Xu, Y. (2014) An inter-laboratory investigation of the Arctic sea ice biomarker proxy IP₂₅ in marine sediments: key outcomes and recommendations. Climate of the Past 10, 155-166. [doi: 10.5194/cp-10-155-2014].
• Berben, S.M.P., Husum, K., Cabedo-Sanz, P. and Belt, S.T. (2014) Holocene sub centennial evolution of Atlantic water inflow and sea ice distribution in the western Barents Sea. Climate of the Past 10, 181-198. [doi: 10.5194/cp-10-181-2014].
• Brown, T.A., Alexander, C., Yurkowski, D.J., Ferguson S.H. and Belt, S.T. (2014) Identifying variable sea ice carbon contributions to the Arctoc ecosystem: A case study using highly branched isoprenoid lipid biomarkers in Cumberland Sound ringed seals. Limnology and Oceanography 59, 1581-1589. [doi: 10.4319/lo.2014.59.5.1581].
• Brown T.A., Belt S.T. and Cabedo-Sanz P. (2014) Identification of a novel di-unsaturated C₂₅ highly branched isoprenoid in the marine tube-dwelling diatom Berkeleya rutilans. Environmental Chemistry Letters 12, 455-460. [doi: 10.1007/s10311-014-0472-4].
• Brown, T.A., Belt, S.T., Tatarekm A. and Mundy, C.J. (2014) Source identification of the Arctic sea ice proxy IP₂₅. Nature Communications 5:4197. [doi: 10.1038/ncomms5197].
• Brown T.A., Yurkowski D.J., Ferguson S.H., Alexander C. and Belt, S.T. (2014) H-Print: A new chemical fingerprinting approach for distinguishing primary production sources in Arctic ecosystems. Environmental Chemistry Letters 12, 387-392. [doi: 10.1007/s10311-014-0459-1].
• Knies, J., Cabedo-Sanz, P., Belt, S.T., Baranwal, S., Fietz, S., and Rosell-Melé, A. (2014) The emergence of modern sea ice cover in the Arctic Ocean. Nature Communications 5:5605. [doi: 10.1038/ncomms6608].
• Rontani, J.-F., Belt, S.T., Brown, T.A. and Aubert, C. (2014) Electron ionization mass spectrometry fragmentation pathways of trimethylsilyl derivatives of isomeric allylic alcohols derived from HBI alkene oxidation. Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry 28, 1937-1947. [doi: 10.1002/rcm.6974].
• Rontani, J.-F., Belt, S.T., Brown, T.A., Vaultier, F. and Mundy, C.J. (2014) Sequential photo- and autoxidation of diatom lipids in Arctic sea ice. Organic Geochemistry 77, 59-71. [doi: 10.1016/j.orggeochem.2014.09.009].
• Rontani, J.-F., Belt, S.T., Vaultier, F., Brown, T.A. and Massé, G. (2014) Autoxidative and photooxidative reactivity of highly branched isoprenoid (HBI) alkenes. Lipids 49, 481-494. [doi: 10.1007/s11745-014-3891-x].

2013

• Alonso-García, M., Andrews, J.T., Belt, S.T., Cabedo-Sanz, P., Darby, D. and Jaeger, J. (2013) A comparison between multi-proxy and historical data (AD 1990-1840) of drift-ice conditions on the East Greenland shelf (~66°N). The Holocene 23, 1672-1683. [doi: 10.1177/0959683613505343].
• Belt, S.T. and Müller, J. (2013) The Arctic sea ice biomarker IP₂₅: A review of current understanding, recommendations for future research and applications in palaeo sea ice reconstructions. Quaternary Science Reviews 79, 9-25. [doi: 10.1016/j.quascirev.2012.12.001].
• Belt, S.T., Brown, T.A., Ampel, L., Cabedo-Sanz. P., Fahl, K., Kocis, J.J., Massé, G., Navarro-Rodriguez, A., Ruan, J. and Xu, Y. (2013) An inter-laboratory investigation of the Arctic sea ice biomarker proxy IP₂₅ in marine sediments: key outcomes and recommendations. Clim. Past Discuss. 9, 5263-5298. [doi: 10.5194/cpd-9-5263-2013].
• Belt, S.T., Brown, T.A., Ringrose, A.E., Cabedo-Sanz, P., Mundy, C.J., Gosselin, M. and Poulin, M. (2013) Quantitative measurements of the sea ice diatom biomarker IP₂₅ and sterols in Arctic sea ice and underlying sediments: Further considerations for palaeo sea ice reconstructions. Organic Geochemistry 62, 33-45. [doi: 10.1016/j.orggeochem.2013.07.002].
• Berben, S.M.P., Husum, K., Cabedo-Sanz, P. and Belt, S.T. (2013) Holocene sub centennial evolution of Atlantic water inflow and sea ice distribution in the western Barents Sea. Clim. Past Discuss. 9, 4893-4938. [doi: 10.5194/cpd-9-4893-2013].
• Brown, T.A., Belt, S.T., Ferguson, S.H., Yurkowski, D.J., Davison, N.J., Barnett, J.E.F. and Jepson, P.D. (2013) Identification of the sea ice diatom biomarker IP₂₅ and related lipids in marine mammals: A potential method for investigating regional variations in dietary sources within higher trophic level marine systems. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 441, 99-104. [doi: 10.1016/j.jembe.2013.01.020].
• Brown T.A., Bicknell A.W.J., Votier, S.C. and Belt, S.T. Novel molecular fingerprinting of marine avian diet provides a tool for gaining insights into feeding ecology. Environmental Chemistry Letters 11, 283-288. [doi: 10.1007/s10311-013-0402-x].
• Cabedo-Sanz, P., Belt, S.T., Knies, J. and Husum, K. (2013) Identification of contrasting seasonal sea ice conditions during the Younger Dryas. Quaternary Science Reviews 79, 74-86. [doi: 10.1016/j.quascirev.2012.10.028].
• Navarro-Rodriguez, A., Belt, S.T., Knies, J. and Brown, T.A. (2013) Mapping recent sea ice conditions in the Barents Sea using the proxy biomarker IP₂₅: Implications for palaeo sea ice reconstructions. Quaternary Science Reviews 79, 26-39. [doi: 10.1016/j.quascirev.2012.11.025].

2012

• Belt, S.T., Brown T.A., Cabedo Sanz, P. and Navarro Rodriguez, A. (2012) Structural confirmation of the sea ice biomarker IP₂₅ found in Arctic marine sediments. Environmental Chemistry Letters 10, 189-192. [doi: 10.1007/s10311-011-0344-0].
• Belt, S.T., Brown, T.A., Navarro Rodriguez, A., Cabedo Sanz, P., Tonkin, A. and Ingle, R. (2012) A reproducible method for the extraction, identification and quantification of the Arctic sea ice proxy IP₂₅ from marine sediments. Analytical Methods 4, 705-713. [doi: 10.1039/C2AY05728J].
• Belt, S.T. and Vincent, E.M. (2012) Learning chemistry through placements: building on good practice and identifying new opportunities. New Directions in the Teaching of Physical Sciences 8, 13-16. [ISSN: 1740-9888; web access].
• Brown, T.A. and Belt, S.T. (2012) Identification of the sea ice diatom biomarker IP₂₅ in Arctic benthic macrofauna: direct evidence for a sea ice diatom diet in Arctic heterotrophs. Polar Biology 35, 131-137. [doi: 10.1007/s00300-011-1045-7].
• Brown, T.A. and Belt, S.T. (2012) Closely linked sea ice–pelagic coupling in the Amundsen Gulf revealed by the sea ice diatom biomarker IP₂₅. Journal of Plankton Research 34, 647-654. [doi: 10.1093/plankt/fbs045].
• Brown, T.A., Belt, S.T. and Piepenburg, D. (2012) Evidence for a pan-Arctic sea-ice diatom diet in Strongylocentrotus spp. Polar Biology 30, 1281-1287. [doi: 10.1007/s00300-012-1164-9].

2011

• Axford, Y., Andresen, C.S., Andrews, J.T., Belt, S.T., Geirsdóttir, Á., Massé, G., Miller, G.H., Ólafsdóttir, S. and Vare, L.L. (2011) Do paleoclimate proxies agree? A test comparing 19 late Holocene climate and sea-ice reconstructions from Icelandic marine and lake sediments. Journal of Quaternary Science 26, 645-656. [doi: 10.1002/jqs.1487].
• Brown, T.A., Belt. S., Mundy, C., Philippe, B., Massé, G. and Poulin, M. (2011) Temporal and vertical variations of lipid biomarkers during a bottom ice diatom bloom in the Canadian Beaufort Sea: further evidence for the use of the IP₂₅ biomarker as a proxy for spring Arctic sea ice. Polar Biology 34, 1857-1868. [doi: 10.1007/s00300-010-0942-5].
• Massé, G., Belt, S.T., Crosta, X., Schmidt, S., Snape, I., Thomas, D.N. and Rowland, S.J. (2011) Highly branched isoprenoids as proxies for variable sea ice conditions in the Southern Ocean. Antarctic Science 23, 487-498. [doi: 10.1017/S0954102011000381].
• Rontani, J.-F., Belt, S.T., Vaultier, F. and Brown, T.A. (2011) Visible light induced photo-oxidation of highly branched isoprenoid (HBI) alkenes: Significant dependence on the number and nature of double bonds. Organic Geochemistry 42, 812-822. [doi: 10.1016/j.orggeochem.2011.04.013.].

2010

• Belt, S.T., Vare, L.L., Massé, G., Manners, H.R., Price, J.C., MacLachlan, S.E., Andrews, J.T. and Schmidt, S. (2010) Striking similarities in temporal changes to seasonal sea ice conditions across the central Canadian Arctic Archipelago over the last 7,000 years. Quaternary Science Reviews 29, 3489-3504. [doi: 10.1016/j.quascirev.2010.06.041].
• Gregory, T.R., Smart, C.W., Hart, M.B., Massé, G., Vare, L.L. and Belt S.T. (2010) Holocene palaeoceanographic changes in Barrow Strait, Canadian Arctic: foraminiferal evidence. Journal of Quaternary Science 25, 903-910. [doi: 10.1002/jqs.1367].
• Vare, L.L., Massé, G. and Belt, S.T. (2010) A biomarker-based reconstruction of sea ice conditions for the Barents Sea in recent centuries. The Holocene 20, 637-643. [doi: 10.1177/0959683609355179].

2009

• Andrews, J.T., Belt, S.T., Olafsdottir, S., Massé, G. and Vare, L.L. (2009) Sea ice and marine climate variability for NW Iceland/Denmark Strait over the last 2000 cal. yr BP. The Holocene 19, 775-784. [doi: 10.1177/0959683609105302].
• Belt, S.T. (2009) Impacts of assessment in problem-based learning: A case study from chemistry. New Directions in the Teaching of Physical Sciences 5, 16-21. [ISSN: 1740-9888; web access].
• Müller, J., Massé, G., Stein, R. and Belt, S.T. (2009) Variability of sea ice conditions in the Fram Strait over the past 30,000 years. Nature Geoscience 2, 772-776. [doi: 10.1038/ngeo665]. This publication is featured in the Backstory and News and Views sections of the Journal.
• Vare, L.L., Massé, G., Gregory, T.R., Smart, C.W. and Belt, S.T. (2009) Sea ice variations in the central Canadian Arctic Archipelago during the Holocene. Quaternary Science Reviews 28, 1354-1366. [doi: 10.1016/j.quascirev.2009.01.013].

2008

• Belt, S.T., Massé, G., Vare, L.L., Rowland, S.J., Poulin, M., Sicre, M.-A., Sampei, M. and Fortier, L. (2008) Distinctive ¹³C isotopic signature distinguishes a novel sea ice biomarker in Arctic sediments and sediment traps. Marine Chemistry 112, 158-167. [doi: 10.1016/j.marchem.2008.09.002].
• Booth, A.M., Scarlett, A.G., Lewis, C.A., Belt, S.T. and Rowland, S.J. (2008) Unresolved complex mixtures (UCMs) of aromatic hydrocarbons: Branched alkyl indanes and branched alkyl tetralins are present in UCMs and accumulated by and toxic to, the mussel Mytilus edulis. Environmental Science & Technology 42, 8122-8126. [doi: 10.1021/es801601x].
• Jervis, L., Jervis, L. and Belt, S.T. (2008) Halogenating enzymes in organic synthesis. Education in Chemistry 45, 24-28. [web access].
• Massé, G., Rowland, S.J., Sicre, M.-A., Jacob, J., Jansen, E. and Belt, S.T. (2008) Abrupt climate changes for Iceland during the last millennium: Evidence from high resolution sea ice reconstructions. Earth Planetary Science Letters 269, 564-568. [doi: 10.1016/j.epsl.2008.03.017].
• Smith, B.E., Lewis, C.A., Belt, S.T., Whitby, C. and Rowland, S.J. (2008) Effects of alkyl chain branching on the biotransformation of naphthenic acids. Environmental Science & Technology 42, 9323-9328. [doi: 10.1021/es801922p].

2007

• Belt, S.T. and Overton, T.L. (2007) Active Learning: Models from the analytical sciences – Context-based case studies in analytical chemistry. ACS Symposium Series 970, 87-99.
• Belt, S.T., Massé, G., Rowland, S.J., Poulin, M., Michel, C. and LeBlanc, B. (2007) A novel chemical fossil of palaeo sea ice: IP₂₅. Organic Geochemistry 38, 16-27. [doi: 10.1016/j.orggeochem.2006.09.013].

2006

• Belt, S.T. and Kendall, S.B. (2006) Getting nosy with handy chemicals. Education in Chemistry 43(1), 15-17.
• Belt, S.T., Massé, G., Rowland, S.J. and Rohmer, M. (2006) Highly branched isoprenoid alcohols and epoxides in the diatom Haslea ostrearia Simonsen. Organic Geochemistry 37, 133-145. [doi: 10.1016/j.orggeochem.2005.10.005].

2005

• Belt, S.T., Leisvik, M.J., Hyde, A.J. and Overton, T.L. (2005) Using a context-based approach to undergraduate chemistry teaching – a case study for introductory physical chemistry. Chemistry Education Research and Practice 6, 166-179. [Full Text PDF].
• Clough R., Belt S.T., Fairman B., Catterick T. and Evans E.H. (2005) Uncertainty contributions to single and double isotope dilution mass spectrometry with HPLC-CV-MC-ICP-MS for the determination of methylmercury in fish tissue. Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectroscopy 20, 1072-1075. [doi: 10.1039/b502670a].
• Fitzsimons, M.F. and Belt, S.T. (2005) Dynamic behaviour of 1-aminopropan-2-one in sewage: a preliminary synthetic and spectroscopic study. Environmental Chemistry Letters 3, 70-73. [doi: 10.1007/s10311-005-0005-2].

2004

• Massé, G., Belt, S.T., Allard, W.G., Lewis, C.A., Wakeham, S.G. and Rowland, S.J. (2004) Occurrence of novel monocyclic alkenes from diatoms in marine sedimenting particles and sediments. Organic Geochemistry 35, 813-822. [doi: 10.1016/j.orggeochem.2004.03.004].
• Massé, G., Belt, S.T. and Rowland, S.J. (2004) Biosynthesis of unusual monocyclic alkenes by the diatom, Rhizosolenia setigera (Brightwell). Phytochemistry 65, 1101-1106. [doi: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2004.02.019].
• Massé, G., Belt, S.T., Rowland, S.J. and Rohmer, M. (2004) Isoprenoid biosynthesis in the diatoms Rhizosolenia setigera (Brightwell) and Haslea ostrearia (Simonsen). Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 101, 4413-4418. [doi: 10.1073/pnas.0400902101].
• Poulin, M., Massé, G., Belt, S.T., Delavault, P., Rousseau, F., Robert, J.-M. and Rowland, S.J. (2004) Morphological, biochemical and molecular evidence for the transfer of Gyrosigma nipkowii Meister to the genus Haslea (Bacillariophyta). European Journal of Phycology 39, 181-195. [doi: 10.1080/0967026042000202136]
• Sinninghe Damsté, J.S., Muyzer, G., Abbas, B., Rampen, S.W., Massé, G., Allard, W.G., Belt, S.T., Robert, J.-M., Rowland, S.J., Moldowan, J.M., Barbanti, S.M., Fago, F.J., Denisevich, P., Dahl, J., Trinidade, L.A.F., and Schouten, S. (2004) The rise of rhizosolenid diatoms. Science 304, 584-587. [doi: 10.1126/science.1096806].

2003

• Belt, S.T. (2003) Preparing for fieldwork - A case study from the environmental sciences. In: A Handbook for Teaching & Learning in HE, eds. Fry, Kettridge and Marshall, Kogan Page (ISBN 0 7494 3877 0) p. 265-266.
• Belt, S.T., Massé, G., Allard, W.G., Robert, J.-M. and Rowland, S.J. (2003) Novel monocyclic sester- and triterpenoids from the marine diatom, Rhizosolenia setigera. Tetrahedron Letters 44, 9103-9106.
• Clough, R., Belt, S.T., Evans, E.H., Fairman, B. and Catterick, T. (2003) Investigation of equilibration and uncertainty contributions for the determination of inorganic mercury and methylmercury by isotope dilution inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Analytica Chimica Acta 500, 155-170.
• Clough, R., Belt, S.T., Evans, H.E., Fairman, B. and Catterick, T. (2003) Uncertainty contributions to species specific isotope dilution analysis. Part 2. Determination of methylmercury by HPLC coupled with quadrupole and multicollector ICP-MS. Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry 18, 1039-1046.
• Clough, R., Belt, S.T., Evans, H.E., Fairman, B. and Catterick, T. (2003) Isotope dilution ICP-MS for speciation studies. Applied Spectroscopy Reviews 38, 101-132.
• Clough, R., Belt, S.T., Evans, E.H., Sutton, P., Fairman, B. and Catterick, T. (2003) Uncertainty contributions to species specific isotope dilution analysis. Part 1. Characterisation and stability of ¹⁹⁹Hg and ¹³C isotopically enriched methylmercury by ¹H NMR. Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry 18, 1033-1038.
• Summerfield, S., Overton, T. and Belt, S. (2003) Problem-solving case studies. Analytical Chemistry 75, 181A-182A.

2002

• Belt, S.T., Evans, E.H., McCreedy, T., Overton, T.L. and Summerfield, S. (2002) A Problem based learning approach to analytical and applied chemistry. University Chemistry Education 6, 65-72 [Full Text PDF / Full Text HTML].
• Belt, S.T., Massé, G., Allard, W.G., Robert, J.-M. and Rowland, S.J. (2002) Effects of auxosporulation on distributions of C₂₅ and C₃₀ isoprenoid alkenes in Rhizosolenia setigera. Phytochemistry 59, 141-149.
• Belt, S.T., Overton, T.L. and Summerfield, S. (2002) The use of case studies in teaching science. In: The International Simulations and Gaming Handbook, volume 9, SAGSET.

2001

• Allard, W.G., Belt, S.T., Massé, G., Naumann, R., Robert, J.-M. and Rowland, S.J. (2001) Tetra-unsaturated sesterterpenoids (Haslenes) from Haslea ostrearia and related species. Phytochemistry 56, 795-800.
• Belt, S.T. (2001) Problem based learning - A case study from the environmental sciences. In: PLANET: Problem Based Learning. LTSN GEES Subject Centre Special Publication, pp. 17-18. (ISSN 1473-1835).
• Belt, S.T., Allard, W.G., Johns, L., König, W.A., Massé, G., Robert, J.-M. and Rowland, S. (2001) Variable stereochemistry in highly branched isoprenoids from diatoms. Chirality 13, 415-419.
• Belt, S.T., Allard, W.G., Massé, G., Robert, J.-M. and Rowland, S.J. (2001) Structural characterisation of C₃₀ highly branched isoprenoid alkenes (rhizenes) in the marine diatom Rhizosolenia setigera. Tetrahedron Letters 42, 5583-5585.
• Belt, S.T., Massé, G., Allard, W.G., Robert, J.-M. and Rowland, S.J. (2001) Identification of a C₂₅ highly branched isoprenoid triene in the freshwater diatom Navicula sclesvicensis. Organic Geochemistry 32, 1169-1172.
• Belt, S.T., Massé, G., Allard, W.G., Robert, J.-M. and Rowland, S.J. (2001) C₂₅ highly branched isoprenoid alkenes in planktonic diatoms of the Pleurosigma genus. Organic Geochemistry 32 1271-1275.
• Massé, G., Poulin, M., Belt, S.T., Barreau, A., Robert, J.-M., Rincé, Y. and Rowland, S.J. (2001) A simple method for SEM examination of sectioned diatom frustules. Journal of Microscopy-Oxford 204, 87-92.
• Massé, G., Rince, Y., Cox, E., Allard, W.G., Belt, S. and Rowland, S.J. (2001) Haslea salstonica sp. nov. and Haslea pseudostrearia sp. nov. (Bacillariophyta), two new epibenthic diatoms from the Kingsbridge estuary, United Kingdom. Comptes Rendus de l'Academie des Sciences Serie III-Sciences de la Vie 334, 617-626.
• Rowland, S.J., Allard, W.G., Belt, S.T., Massé, G., Robert, J.-M., Blackburn, S., Frampton, D., Revill, A.T. and Volkman, J.K. (2001) Factors influencing the distributions of polyunsaturated terpenoids in the diatom, Rhizosolenia setigera. Phytochemistry. 58, 717-728.
• Rowland, S.J., Belt, S.T., Wraige, E.J., Massé, G., Roussakis, C. and Robert, J.-M. (2001) Effects of temperature on polyunsaturation in cytostatic lipids of Haslea ostrearia. Phytochemistry 56, 597-602.
• Williams, C.E., Lowry, R.B., Braven, J. and Belt, S.T. (2001) Novel synthesis and characterisation of ruthenium tris(4-methyl-4'-vinyl-2,2'-bipyridine) complexes. Inorganica Chimica Acta 315, 112-119.

2000

• Belt, S.T., Allard, W.G., Massé, G., Robert, J.-M. and Rowland, S.J. (2000) Highly branched isoprenoids (HBIs): Identification of the most common and abundant sedimentary isomers. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 64, 3839-3851.
• Belt, S.T., Allard, G., Massé, G., Robert, J.-M. and Rowland, S.J. (2000) Important sedimentary sesterterpenoids from the diatom Pleurosigma intermedium. Chemical Communications, 501-502.
• Belt, S.T., Allard, W.G., Rintatalo, J., Johns, L.A., van Duin, A.C.T. and Rowland, S.J. (2000) Clay and acid catalysed isomerisation and cyclisation reactions of highly branched isoprenoid alkenes: implications for sedimentary reactions and distributions. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 64, 3337-3345.
• Johns, L., Belt, S., Lewis, C.A., Rowland, S., Massé, G., Robert, J.-M. and König, W.A. (2000) Configurations of polyunsaturated sesterterpenoids from the diatom, Haslea ostrearia. Phytochemistry 53, 607-611.

Studentships

Studentships since 1996:

Research Income

Income since 1996:

Patents

Patents since 1996:

• GB-9708934.6 (1997) Chemotherapeutic hydrocarbons from diatomaceous algae. Rowland, S.J., Belt, S.T., Roussakis, C. and Robert, J.-M.
• GB-9902636.1 (1999) Antibiotic and antiviral compounds.

International & National Conference Presentations (since 1996)

2016

• 12^th International Conference on Paleoceanography, Utrecht, Netherlands, 29 August-2 September 2016 (poster, colleague).
• 27^th Annual Meeting of the British Organic Geochemical Society, London, U.K., 13-14 July 2016 (poster, colleague).
• EGU General Assembly 2016, Vienna, Austria, 17-22 April 2016 (invited oral; 4 posters^{1, 2, 3, 4}, colleague).

2015

• 7^th Annual Biogeochemistry Centre Conference, Plymouth University Marine Station, Plymouth, U.K., 16 December 2015 (2 orals, colleague).
• UK Arctic Science Conference 2015, Sheffield, U.K., 16-18 September 2015 (poster, colleague).

2014

• American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting 2014, San Francisco, U.S.A., 15-19 December 2014 (2 orals, colleague; poster, colleague).
• 3^rd workshop of the PAGES Sea ice Proxy (SIP) working group - Sea ice proxy synthesis and data-model comparison, Alfred Wegener Institute (AWI), Bremerhaven, Germany, 23-25 June 2014 (poster, colleague).
• Winter School on Sea Ice Variability in the Arctic – Past and Present Conditions, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway, 30 March–4 April 2014 (poster, colleague).

2013

• 5^th Annual Biogeochemistry Centre Conference, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, U.K., 12 December 2012 (oral).
• 11^th International Conference on Paleoceanography, Sitges, Barcelona, Spain, 1-6 September 2013 (invited speaker; 2 posters).
• PAGES Workshop on Sea Ice Proxies, Cambridge, U.K., 22-24 July 2013 (invited speaker).
• 24^th Annual Meeting of the British Organic Geochemical Society, Plymouth, U.K., 10-11 July 2013 (3 orals, colleague).

2012

• 23^rd Annual Meeting of the British Organic Geochemical Society, Leeds, U.K., 4-5 July 2012 (oral, colleague).
• 22^nd V.M. Goldschmidt Conference 2012, Montreal, Canada, 24-29 March 2012 (invited speaker; 3 posters, colleague).
• PAGES Workshop on Sea Ice Proxies, Montreal, Canada, 7-9 March 2012 (invited speaker).

2011

• 25^th International Meeting on Organic Geochemistry, Interlaken, Switzerland, 18-23 September 2011 (poster).

2010

• Gordon Research Conference, Organic Geochemistry, Holderness, New Hampshire, U.S.A., 1-6 August 2010 (invited speaker).
• 21^st Annual Meeting of the British Organic Geochemical Society, Manchester, U.K., 6-7 July 2010 (oral, colleague).
• Nordic Environmental Chemistry Conference, Svalbard, Norway, 2-5 March 2010 (invited speaker).
• Royal Society of Chemistry, Nyholm Symposium, University of Liverpool, U.K., 24 February 2010 (invited speaker).

2009

• American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting 2009, San Francisco, U.S.A., 14-18 December 2009 (invited speaker).
• UK Polar Network (UKPN) / Association of Polar Early Career Scientists (APECS) Arctic Marine Sciences Workshop, Plymouth Marine Laboratory, Plymouth, U.K., 12-13 October 2009 (invited speaker and workshop).
• Agilent Technologies Environmental/Food GC-MS, LC-MS Users Meeting, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, U.K., 9-11 September 2009 (invited speaker).
• UK Arctic Science Conference 2009, National Oceanography Centre, Southampton, U.K., 13-15 July 2009 (oral).
• 20^th Annual Meeting of the British Organic Geochemical Society, Bristol, U.K., 7-8 July 2009 (oral, colleague).
• Gordon Research Conference, Polar Marine Science - Beyond IPY: Crossing Boundaries, Lucca (Barga), Italy, 15-20 March 2009 (invited speaker; poster, colleague).

2008

• American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting 2008, San Francisco, U.S.A., 15-19 December 2008 (oral, colleague).
• EGU General Assembly 2008, Vienna, Austria, 13-18 April 2008 (oral, colleague).
• Seminar, CCGS Amundsen, Canadian Arctic, Canada, 20 March 2008 (oral, colleague).
• Seminar, Tromsø, Norway, 22 January 2008 (oral, colleague).
• Arctic Frontiers, Tromsø, Norway, 21-27 January 2008 (poster, colleague).

2007

• 23^rd International Meeting on Organic Geochemistry, Torquay, U.K., 9-14 September 2007 (oral, colleague).
• 5^th IWA Specialised Conference on Assessment and Control of Micropollutants/Hazardous Substances in Water (MICROPOL & ECOHAZARD 2007), Frankfurt/Main, Germany, 17–20 June 2007 (oral, colleague).

2006

• Arctic Net 3^rd Annual Scientific Meeting. Victoria, Canada, 12-15 December 2006 (poster, colleague).
• American Geophysical Union. San Francisco U.S.A., 11-15 December 2006 (poster, colleague).
• HOLIVAR2006 Natural Climate Variability and Global Warming UCL, London, U.K., 12-15 June 2006 (poster).
• European Geosciences Union (EGU) General Assembly, Biogeosciences, Vienna, Austria, 2-7 April 2006 (invited speaker, colleague).
• Ussher Society, 44^th Annual Conference, Bideford, U.K., 3-5 January 2006 (invited oral, colleague).

2005

• 2^nd Annual ArcticNet Scientific Meeting (ASM2005), Banff, Canada, 13-16 December 2005, (poster).
• ESF Exploratory Workshop - Life, Environmental and Earth Sciences (LESC), Delmenhorst, Germany 12-16 December 2005 (invited oral and poster, colleague).
• Geological Society Meeting, London, U.K., 3-4 October 2005 (oral, colleague).
• 17^th Annual Meeting of the British Organic Geochemical Society, Liverpool, U.K., 14-15 July 2005, (oral, colleague).
• Royal Society of Chemistry Meeting and Postgraduate Industry Tour, Newcastle, U.K., 18-20 April 2005, (poster, colleague).
• Society of Chemical Industry (SCI) Meeting, Pharmaceuticals in the Environment: Fate, Effects and Regulation, London, U.K., 1 March 2005, (poster, colleague).

2004

• 5^th European Meeting on Environmental Chemistry, Bari, Italy, 15-18 December 2004, (poster, colleague).
• 16^th Annual Meeting of the British Organic Geochemistry Society, Nottingham, U.K., 14-15 July 2004, (poster, colleague).

2003

• 21^st International Meeting on Organic Geochemistry, Kraków, Poland, 8-12 September 2003 (oral).
• 16^th International Mass Spectrometry Conference, Edinburgh, Scotland, 1-5 September 2003 (poster, colleague).
• 3^rd Analytical Research Forum, Sunderland, U.K., 21-23 July 2003 (poster, colleague).
• European Winter Conference on Plasma Spectrochemistry, Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany, 12-17 January 2003 (poster, colleague).

2002

• 3^rd European Meeting on Environmental Chemistry, Geneva, Switzerland, 11-14 December 2002 (oral).
• 21^ème Colloque de l'Association des Diatomistes de Langue Française, Nantes, France, 10-13 September 2002 (oral, colleague).
• 14^th International Symposium on Chirality, Hamburg, Germany, 8-12 September 2002 (poster, colleague).
• 17^th International Diatom Symposium, Ottawa, Canada, 25-31 August 2002 (oral, colleague).
• 23^rd International Symposium on the Chemistry of Natural Products, Florence, Italy, 28 July-2 August 2002 (oral; poster).
• 2^nd Analytical Research Forum, Kingston, U.K., 15-17 July 2002 (poster, colleague).
• 11^th Biennial National Atomic Spectroscopy Symposium, Loughborough, U.K., 8-10 July 2002 (oral, colleague; poster, colleague).
• Royal Society of Chemistry Analytical Division Atomic Spectroscopy Group AGM, Teddington, U.K., 27 February 2002 (oral, colleague).

2001

• Federation of Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy Societies, Detroit, MI, U.S.A., 24-29 October 2001 (oral, colleague).
• 20^th International Meeting on Organic Geochemistry (IMOG 2001), Nancy, France, 10-14 September 2001 (poster).
• 1^st Analytical Research Forum, Norwich, U.K., 16-18 July 2001 (poster, colleague).
• SAGSET 2001 - Employability: The Role of Games, Simulations and Case Studies, University of Leeds, Leeds, U.K., July 2001 (oral, colleague).
• 6^th International Symposium-Applied Bioinorganic Chemistry, Cardiff, U.K. 21 June 2001 (poster, colleague).
• 11^th European Union of Geosciences Conference, Strasbourg, France, April 2001 (oral, colleague).

2000

• 19^th Colloque de l'Association des Diatomistes de Langue Francaise, Mont-Rigi, Belgium, 12-15 September 2000 (poster).
• Symposium on Biological Chirality, Szeged, Hungary, 27-31 August 2000 (plenary oral).
• 16^th International Diatom Symposium 2000, Athens, Greece, 25 August-1 September 2000 (poster).

1999

• 19^th International Meeting on Organic Geochemistry, Istanbul, Turkey, 6-10 September 1999 (oral, colleague).

1998

• Symposium on Biological Homochirality, Serramazzoni, Modena, Italy, 6-12 September 1998 (oral).
• 9^th International Symposium on Marine Natural Products, Townsville, Australia, July 1998 (oral, colleague; poster).

1997

• 1^st Euroconference on Marine Natural Products, Athens, Greece, 2-6 November 1997 (oral).
• 18^th International Meeting on Advances in Organic Geochemistry, Maastricht, The Netherlands, 22-26 September 1997 (oral, colleague).
• American Chemical Society. 213^th International Meeting, San Francisco, U.S.A., April 1997 (oral, colleague).

Chemical Education Conference Presentations and Workshops

2011

• HE STEM SW Spoke Meeting, University of Plymouth, U.K., November 2011 (oral).
• Variety in Chemistry Education, University of York, U.K., 1-2 September 2011 (invited keynote).

2010

• Royal Society of Chemistry, Nyholm Symposium, University of Liverpool, U.K., 24 February 2010 (invited speaker).
• Variety in Chemistry Education, Loughborough University, U.K., August 2010 (oral).

2009

• European Variety in Chemistry Education, University of Manchester, Manchester, U.K., 2-4 September 2009 (workshop leader).

2008

• Variety in Chemistry Education, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland, 28-29 August 2008 (workshop leader).
• HEA Physical Sciences Subject Centre: C/PBL Special Interest Group Meeting, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, U.K., 21 May 2008 (invited speaker).
• Learning and Teaching in the Sciences 2008, University of Leicester, Leicester, U.K., 20 May 2008 (invited speaker).

2006

• West Midlands Chemistry Teachers Centre, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, U.K., 10 January 2006 (RSC invited speaker).

2005

• 6^th Variety in Irish Chemistry Teaching Conference, Dublin Institute of Technology, Dublin, Ireland, 23 March 2005 (Chemical Synthesis Services invited speaker).

2004

• RSC Invited Speaker, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, U.K., 20 October 2004.
• RSC Invited Speaker, Edinburgh University, Edinburgh, U.K., 27 September 2004.
• RSC Invited Speaker, The University of Hull, U.K., 15 September 2004.
• Variety in Chemistry Education, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, U.K., 5-7 September 2004 (invited speaker).
• RSC Invited Speaker, University College London, London, U.K., 5 July 2004.
• RSC Invited Speaker, The Open University, Milton Keynes, U.K., 1 July 2004.

2003

• Variety in Chemistry Teaching, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland, 31 August-2 September 2003 (oral)

2002

• Variety in Chemistry Teaching, University of Keele, Keele, U.K., 9-10 September 2002 (workshop leader; poster).

2001

• Variety in Chemistry Teaching, University of Lancaster, Lancaster, U.K., 17-18 September 2001 (workshop leader; oral, colleague; poster).
• 6^th European Conference on Research In Chemical Education and 2^nd European Conference in Chemical Education, Portugal, 4-8 September 2001 (oral; poster).
• UK Analytical Partnerships Skills Network, Teaching Analytical Chemistry in Undergraduate Courses, Royal Society of Chemistry, London, U.K., March 2001 (oral, colleague).

2000

• LTSN Physical Sciences Centre Professional Development Workshop, New Directions in Problem Solving, UMIST, Manchester, U.K., 25 October 2000 (workshop leader).
• Variety in Chemistry Teaching, University of Lancaster, Lancaster, U.K., 4-5 September 2000 (poster).

1999

• RSC Annual Conference, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, U.K., 6-10 September 1999 (workshop leader).
• Project IMPROVE Workshop for Higher Education Chemistry Teaching, University of Warwick, Warwick, U.K., 17 June 1999 (workshop leader).
• Project IMPROVE Workshop for Higher Education Chemistry Teaching, University of Warwick, Warwick, U.K., 19 February 1999 (workshop leader).

1998

• Project IMPROVE Directors of Study Meeting, London, U.K., 11 November 1998 (oral).

Media Interest

• Chemistry World, 2 February 2017, The Fats that Take Scientists Back in Time.
• BBC website, 28 May 2008, Trying to Head Off an Arctic 'Gold Rush'.
• The Dan Rather Reports, November/December 2007, A Crack in the Ice (see from about 7 minutes 20 seconds).
• Western Morning News (Devon), 12 December 2007, page 18, I've seen the Polar Ice Cap Melting Fast.
• The Plymouth Herald, 11 December 2007, page 8, Meltdown.
• Radio Devon, 11 December 2007.
• Atlantic FM, 11 December 2007.
• Plymouth Sound, 11 December 2007.
• Western Morning News (Devon), 8 December 2007, page 18, Scientists to Share their Climate Change Stories.
• Western Morning News (Devon), 3 November 2007, page 30, Ice Research May Help Predict Climate Change.
• BBC Ten O'Clock News (e.g. see Polar Bears in the Arctic Region).
• Radio Devon, 24 October 2007.
• BBC Spotlight, 24 October 2007.
• BBC website, 15 October 2007, Arctic Muds Reveal Sea Ice Record.
• BBC website, 15 October 2007, Northwest Passage: Your Questions Answered.
• Western Morning News (Devon), 23 May 2002, page 25, Scientist Set to Explore Origins of Life on Earth.
• The Plymouth Herald, 20 May 2002, page 7, Scientist Studies the Bubbles that Created Life.